| Title |
A multi-criteria decision analysis model for ship biofouling management in the Baltic Sea |
| Authors |
Luoma, Emilia ; Laurila-Pant, Mirka ; Altarriba, Elias ; Nevalainen, Lauri ; Helle, Inari ; Granhag, Lena ; Lehtiniemi, Maiju ; Srėbalienė, Greta ; Olenin, Sergej ; Lehikoinen, Annukka |
| DOI |
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158316 |
| Full Text |
|
| Is Part of |
Science of the total environment.. Amsterdam : Elsevier. 2022, vol. 852, art. no. 158316, p. 1-9.. ISSN 0048-9697. eISSN 1879-1026 |
| Keywords [eng] |
Non-indigenous species ; Eco-toxicological risk ; Decision analysis model ; Bayesian network |
| Abstract [eng] |
Biofouling of ship hulls form a vector for the introduction of non-indigenous organisms worldwide. Through increasing friction, the organisms attached to ships' hulls increase the fuel consumption, leading to both higher fuel costs and air emissions. At the same time, ship biofouling management causes both ecological risks and monetary costs. All these aspects should be considered case-specifically in the search of sustainable management strategies. Applying Bayesian networks, we developed a multi-criteria decision analysis model to compare biofouling management strategies in the Baltic Sea, given the characteristics of a ship, its operating profile and operational environment, considering the comprehensive environmental impact and the monetary costs. The model is demonstrated for three scenarios (SC1-3) and sub-scenarios (A-C), comparing the alternative biofouling management strategies in relation to NIS (non-indigenous species) introduction risk, eco-toxicological risk due to biocidal coating, carbon dioxide emissions and costs related to fuel consumption, in-water cleaning and hull coating. The scenarios demonstrate that by the careful consideration of the hull fouling management strategy, both money and the environment can be saved. Biocidal-free coatings with a regular in-water cleaning and a debris capture system provide a promising alternative. However, in some cases biocidal coating remains the best option. We suggest biocidal-free coating with a regular in-water cleaning using a capture system is generally the lowest-risk option. The best biocidal-free coating type and the optimal in-water cleaning interval should be evaluated case-specifically, though. In some cases, however, biocidal coating remains the best option. |
| Published |
Amsterdam : Elsevier |
| Type |
Journal article |
| Language |
English |
| Publication date |
2022 |
| CC license |
|
