| Abstract [eng] |
The relevance of the study defines the European Union, which has become a leading regional force, in its progress towards humanity, without state-sanctioned courts that impose the death penalty. The EU has proven to play an important role in 2007. The United Nations General Assembly resolution on a moratorium on the use of the death penalty and its strengthening in 2008, 2010 and 2012 The EU's contribution to the abolition of the death penalty is a recognizable success story for human rights and is one of the aspects of regional policy for which the EU was awarded the 2012 Nobel prize. The study raises a key issue: although the death penalty has been abolished in the EU, the analysis of the concept of the death penalty in Western culture and the EU reveals that the issue of legalization of the death penalty remains relevant and requires a strong ethical approach. The aim of the work is to reveal the reasons of the society's attitude to the concept of the death penalty and the main principles of classical ethical theories, on the basis of which the application of the death penalty or its prevention is based. Aquinas says that certain circumstances change bad deeds (murder) into good deeds (murder to make up for a wrongdoing committed by a murdered person and a person who has lost their natural value by killing another). The most common and obvious argument against the death penalty is that sooner or later innocent people will be killed for mistakes or shortcomings in the justice system. Based on classical ethical theories, they are closely related to each other, but at the same time separate. If the ethics of utilitarianism is guided by the opinion of the majority, then deontological first solves the problems of one person. If Christianity completely opposes any violence, punishment, or death penalty, then the ethics of virtue argues that a righteous person who is not righteous at that moment, but pursues and follows that path all his life, does not have such thoughts as any “evil “, Doing something that is unacceptable to the norms of virtue and law. The work consists of an introduction, which presents the relevance of the topic, research in Lithuania and abroad, problem, thesis, object, goals, tasks, research methods. The teaching part consists of 3 chapters: 1. The concept of the death penalty; 2. Changing the concept of the death penalty in the EU; 3. Evaluation of the death penalty from different approaches to ethical classification. The paper presents conclusions, 2 figures, 1 table, 1 appendix and 106 sources of used literature. All this allows for a detailed look at the research work. |
