| Abstract [eng] |
The master's thesis analyses the processes and problems of collecting Lithuanian folk melodies in the first half of the 20th century. After a wide-ranging analysis of literature and scientific articles, it was noticed that the chosen topic - the collection of folk melodies in the first half of the 20th century - and the various historical and cultural contexts related to this topic have been extensively researched in one aspect or another, but there is a lack of a common, holistic picture, which is revealed in this thesis, by supplementing the already existing research, based on the press, memoirs and other sources of the time. The approach used combines existing studies, helps to look at their connections in a different way, and adds new aspects - the often invisible field of discussion of the time, the facts buried in memoirs or protocols. The first chapter, "The Church as an Institution and the Significance of the Organists", draws on various sources to look at the process from the perspective of the Catholic Church and its ministers. The second chapter, 'The Lithuanian Scientific Society - a New Stage in the History of Song Collecting', looks at the intellectuals who founded the first societies and analyses the first step towards the scientific definition of melody collecting. The work and contribution of composers and professional musicians in the collection of melodies is inseparable from this. The third chapter, 'The formation of the folkloristic trend', introduces the institutional functioning of folklore collection and the official process of recording melodies. In the first half of the 20th century, a clear line emerges, revealing changes and certain breaks in the issues of melody collection and notation. If at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century we can see distinct figures of individual scholars and the canons of collecting formed by the Lithuanian Scientific Society, very soon a generation of composers emerges from the organists. Their main goal was to raise the musical culture of Lithuania, and although folk music was of great importance in this, the purpose and function of collecting changed: folk songs with melodies were needed for harmonisation, for adaptation to choirs, for popularisation, and for similar practical purposes. Later, in the 1930s and 1940s, another strong scientific trend became clear, which took over the work of collecting and processing folklore. At the same time, a new direction of polemics emerged: between the linguists, for whom the language was the most important subject, and the folklorists. |
