| Abstract [eng] |
The concept of improvisation (lat. improvisus – unexpected) is explained in reference books as creation during performance; a piece created without prior preparation, during performance (improvisation, interpretation). Improvisation is characteristic of folk art and some branches of professional art (music, poetry, theater, choreography). Musical improvisation can be recorded, but cannot be repeated. In the folk music of both Lithuanian and other nations, the improvisational beginning usually prevails, so the music of kankles is no exception. Bearing in mind that the origin of concert kankles is folk (traditional, folklore) kankles, we can assume that we should also look for manifestations of improvisation in the repertoire of the latter improved musical instrument. This paper analyzes the peculiarities of Lithuanian concert kankles improvisation, presenting them in the context of the Baltic kankles repertoire. The work looks for the origins of folk improvisation, the process of improvisation is discussed in examples of academic and alternative music. The parameters of the construction of Lithuanian and related Baltic concert kankles, which may influence improvisation, are also analyzed, examples of improvisation in pieces for kankles are presented, and the parallels of improvisation between Lithuanian and Baltic kankles are analyzed. As an example, the composition "Pour Elam" by the Finnish composers Martti Pokela (1924‒2007)‒Timo Väänänen (b. 1970) and its performance by three Baltic kankles, Finnish, Lithuanian and Latvian, performers was chosen. This is one of the few compositions performed by artists from three different countries, so the analysis of the improvisational segments of this work allowed the author to get a more detailed picture of the improvisational possibilities of Lithuanian and related Latvian and Finnish kankles. The work also discusses the problems of improvisation, which are associated with the performers' insufficient preparation for improvisation and the composers' superficial knowledge of the improvisational possibilities of kankles or related instruments. |
