| Abstract [eng] |
The research about saving the cultural heritage objects during the Soviet period is particularly relevant sphere of XXI c. scientific researches, however a thorough and objective analysis, which embraces the legal regulations of archeological monuments and organization of accounting, is still lacking, even though these processes have close connections with today‘s archeological heritage and its records. In order to fulfill the objective analysis, a certain time distance is already existing, that is why a favorable medium is created not only for researches of the past, but also for a chance to learn from mistakes made in the past. It gives novelty and relevance to the theme of this Master‘s Thesis. Legal documents, intended for protection of archeological monuments and records, scientific researches of Soviet period‘s scientists and their memories, published in the beginning of XXI c., create a specific image on how the archeological values were perceived, in what ways accounting of these monuments and protection processes were conducted. For preservation of valuable features in Lithuania‘s TSR, a separate laws and resolutions were appointed. These documents are the object of this Master‘s Thesis research. The beginning of chronological period of this Master‘s Thesis the July 20th of 1940 is chosen, when the first protection law of cultural monuments of Lithuania‘s TSR was enacted. The indicated period also includes such years as 1941 – 1944, when Lithuania was occupied by Germany. This did not have any influence on the records of archeological objects, because the protection law of cultural monuments, created in July 20th of 1940, was still valid. This research ends at 1985, which is the beginning of restructuring movement (perestroika). For the analysis of the research’s object such purpose is raised – to determine how archeological monuments were perceived legally, what was the change of such perception, and how it was implemented in reality of Lithuania‘s TSR. In order to achieve this purpose three tasks were raised: 1) to analyze the change of „archeological monument’s“ conception in legal documents of Lithuania‘s TSR; 2) To find out how were regulated the records and protection of Lithuania’s TSR archeological objects; 3) to explore how the existed laws, which regulated Lithuania‘s TSR protection of archeological monuments and its records, affected scientific archeological researches. After analyzing the purpose and tasks, such conclusions are made, that legally „archeological monuments“ were perceived as movable and immovable cultural objects, which had exclusive features that let them to be accredited to this group. This gave them opportunities of protection and accounting. Even though, by legal acts, records and protection of archeological objects were regulated to be carried out from 1940, however, in Lithuania‘s TSR it systematically started only from 1948. In scientific archeological researches the main focus was dedicated to researches of barrows, mounds and funerary monuments, inter alia archeologists, who worked during Soviet period, supplemented the already legally prepared instructions of application of legislation with methodological measures (1958, 1976), which were appointed to archeologists and preservationists. |
