| Abstract [eng] |
Domenico Scarlatti (1685-1757) – one of the most famous Baroque epoch italian composer, harpsichordist, organist, pedagogue and performer. His harpsichord creativity is undoubted XVIII century phenomenon of music culture. D. Scarlatti piano works are realted to the period, when homophonic music language came over polyphonic style. Though the composer created various kind of compositions, the most important part of creativity is the harpsichord sonatas. These pieces monumentalized the name of the italian composer into the history of music life. He created more than 600 harpsichord sonatas, but today there are only about 500 available to performers. D. Scarlatti‘s harpsichord compositions named by him self „Essercizi per Gravicembalo“ (etudes, exercises, bipartitas for harpsichord). Most of these sonatas were useful in composers pedagogic work. In his sonatas, D. Scarlatti has associated technical exercises with artistical matters. Piano pieces of the italian maestro were titled by the name of sonatas, but of the features existent in them, we can collect these compositions into most important genres in music school repertoire: polyphonic structure compositions, etudes, big forms type pieces and various kind of plays. The composer was a spreader of this many novelty in his harpsichord creativity work and in performing it like a really virtuoso and big revolutionist. His works include such achievements as: sparkling scale passages through several octaves, various kind of facture arpeggio – short and break, parallelic thirds, sixths, octaves in one hand part, technics of octaves, various kind of wide jumps, hand cosses, repetition of one note, double note playing and various rhythmical formulas. To learn all that pianistic technic is needed to have brilliant and precisious articulation, active fingers, free and light motions. D. Scarlatti piano works are great material to develop children music hearing, to educate rihythmical sense, to improve motorical skills and to stimulate their imagination. Nowadays the italian composer‘s creative heritage is protected in four archives of the world: in Venice, Parma, Munich and Vienna. Regrettably, but only a little part was published when the composer was alive. D. Scarlatti piano works were edited and published by many editors, but most popular cataloguers of sonatas were Ralph Kirkpatrick and Alessandro Longo. They both had their own numbering system, but all time close to the existing numbers of sonatas they wrote the first letter of their surname, accordingly K. or L. That numbering system to make all more clearly, has also been used in other editors published collections. D. Scarlatti piano works were a part of repertoire of famous pianists. The biggest revival composer‘s sonatas took in performing of harpsichordist Wanda Alexandra Landowska. It is no little wonder that this creativity of the composer occupied the attention of such great pianist as – Ferenc Liszt, Anton Rubinštein (Анто́н Рубинште́йн), Johannes Brahms, Carl Tausig, Anna Jesipova (Анна Есипова), Bela Bartok, Clara Haskil, Vladimir Horowitz (Влади́мир Го́ровиц), Emil Gilels (rus. Емі́ль Гі́лельс), Sviatoslav Richter (rus. Святослав Рихтер), Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli, Georg Cziffra, Raffi Petrosian, Glenn Gould, Scott Ross, Martha Argerich, Mikhail Pletniov (Михаил Плетнёв), Ivo Pogorelich and others. Present-day performers more often turns to antique XVIII century music. The interest of pianists of D. Scarlatti piano works is being felt in Lithuania too. But first what we could see is that in starting scale – in music school – piano compositions of italian composer are rarely performed. The influence of that could be several main reasons: the libraries do not have D. Scarlatti piano works in their fund or it is lack of methodic material in lithuanian language. |
